1;Contents;6
2;Contributors;8
3;Introduction;10
3.1; Why Hockey Economics?;10
4;Part I: Labor Relations and Player Behavior;11
4.1;From Strikes to Lockouts: Consequences of the Shift in the Balance of Power from the Players' Union to the Owners in the National Hockey League;12
4.1.1; Introduction;13
4.1.2; Literature Review;15
4.1.3; Empirical Analyses;18
4.1.4; The Lockout as a Strategy;23
4.1.5;References;24
4.2;Fighting as a Profit-Maximizing Strategy: The American Hockey League;26
4.2.1; Fighting in Ice Hockey;28
4.2.2; The American Hockey League;30
4.2.3; Fighting Rules and Penalties in the AHL;31
4.2.4; Fighting as a Profit-Maximizing Strategy for the AHL;33
4.2.5; The Model;38
4.2.6; Data;41
4.2.7; Empirical Results;42
4.2.8; Conclusions;45
4.2.9;References;46
5;Part II: Salary Determination and Player Careers;47
5.1;Returns to Handedness in Professional Hockey;48
5.1.1; Introduction;48
5.1.2; Handedness and Play in Hockey;51
5.1.3; Preliminary Look at the Data;53
5.1.4; Salary Determination and Returns to Handedness;56
5.1.5; Conclusion;60
5.1.6;References;62
5.2;All-Star or Benchwarmer? Relative Age, Cohort Size and Career Success in the NHL;64
5.2.1; Introduction;64
5.2.2; Birth Cohort Size, Relative Age Effects and NHL Player Performance;67
5.2.2.1; Cohort Size and Player Outcomes;67
5.2.2.2; Relative Age and Player Outcomes;72
5.2.3; Data and Methods;75
5.2.3.1; Data Sources and Sample;75
5.2.3.2; Regression Specifications;77
5.2.4; Results;78
5.2.4.1; Birth Cohort Size and Player Salaries;78
5.2.4.2; Birth Cohort Size and Player Performance;81
5.2.4.3; Added Checks;84
5.2.5; Relative Age (Birth Month) and Player Outcomes;85
5.2.5.1; Does Relative Age (Birth Month) Moderate the Effect of Large Birth Cohort Size?;87
5.2.6; Do Results Differ During League Expansions and in the Post-Lockout Era?;89
5.2.7; Conclusions;93
5.2.8; Appendix;95
5.2.8.1; Data Sources;96
5.2.9;References;97
6;Part III: Diversity and Discrimination;99
6.1;If You Can Play, You Get the Pay!? A Survey on Salary Discrimination in the NHL;100
6.1.1; Introduction;100
6.1.2; Discrimination;103
6.1.3; Background and Changes in the NHL;105
6.1.4; Results;107
6.1.5; Conclusion;114
6.1.6;References;115
6.2;The Source of the Cultural or Language Diversity Effects in the National Hockey League;117
6.2.1; Introduction;117
6.2.2; The NHL and the Game of Hockey;120
6.2.3; Data and Empirical Model Motivation;120
6.2.4; Empirical Models, Estimation Results, and Inferences;122
6.2.4.1; Empirical Models;122
6.2.4.2; Estimation Results;125
6.2.4.3; Inferences;131
6.2.5; Conclusion;131
6.2.6;References;132
6.3;Team-Level Referee Discrimination in the National Hockey League;134
6.3.1; Introduction;134
6.3.2; The NHL, the Game of Hockey, and Related;135
6.3.2.1; The NHL and the Game of Hockey;135
6.3.2.2; Related Literature;136
6.3.3; Empirical Methodology;137
6.3.3.1; Empirical Model Motivation;137
6.3.3.2; The Data;139
6.3.3.3; Empirical Model Specifications;142
6.3.4; Estimation Procedure, Discrimination Tests and Results;144
6.3.4.1; Estimation Procedure;144
6.3.4.2; Discrimination Tests;144
6.3.4.3; Test Results;145
6.3.5; Concluding Remarks;148
6.3.6;References;149
7;Part IV: Ticket Demand and Ticket Pricing;151
7.1;The Effect of 'Superstars' on Attendance: NHL-Players in the German and Czech Hockey League;152
7.1.1; Introduction;152
7.1.2; Literature Review;154
7.1.2.1; Surveys on Determinants of Attendance in Sports;154
7.1.2.2; Analyzing the Determinants of Attendance in Hockey;155
7.1.2.3; Determining the Impact of Stars on Attendance;156
7.1.3; Professional Hockey in Germany and the Czech Republic;158
7.1.4; Data Description and Empirical Approach;160
7.1.4.1; Descriptive Attendance Statistics;160
7.1.4.2; Descriptive NHL-Player and Attendance Statistics;162
7.1.4.3; Control Variables;166
7.1.5; Results;169
7.1.6; Conclusion;173
7.1.7; Appendix;174
7.1.8;References;175
7.2;An Exploration of Dynamic Pricing in the National Hockey League;177
7.2.1; Introduct